Investing comparator hysteresis

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The template schematic for an inverting comparator with hysteresis is shown below. This circuit uses a comparator integrated circuit IC with an open-collector output like the LM and therefore requires a pull-up resistor R4. The following figure shows the output versus input characteristic of the inverting comparator with hysteresis. The output transitions from high to low when the input voltage exceeds VA1, and the output transitions from low to high when the input voltage falls below VA2.

The input voltage thresholds VA1 and VA2 are values chosen by the designer or given in requirements for the application. Using this template schematic, the general steps to design an inverting comparator with hysteresis are: Assume reasonable values for the pull-up resistor R4 , the positive feedback resistor R3 , and the load resistor RL.

RL is a load resistor representing a device or circuit connected to the output of the comparator circuit; an actual resistor RL is not needed, but the input impedance of a following stage is represented by RL. The resistor RL or the input resistance of a following stage needs to be much larger than R4 in order for approximately VCC to be present at the output node when the output is high. Likewise, R3 needs to be much larger than R4 so that the output voltage does not get pulled too low by R3 when the output is high.

Calculate the value of R2, where R2 is calculated using the following equation. The term R1 R3 means the parallel combination of resistors R1 and R3. The problem in the next section applies this process to design a circuit that implements an inverting comparator with hysteresis.

The thermostat input is the voltage from a temperature sensor. The output of the comparator shall be high 5 V to turn the heater on and low 0 V to turn the heater off. The output transitions from high to low when the input voltage exceeds VA1, and the output transitions from low to high when the input voltage falls below VA2. The input voltage thresholds VA1 and VA2 are values chosen by the designer or given in requirements for the application. Using this template schematic, the general steps to design an inverting comparator with hysteresis are: Assume reasonable values for the pull-up resistor R4 , the positive feedback resistor R3 , and the load resistor RL.

RL is a load resistor representing a device or circuit connected to the output of the comparator circuit; an actual resistor RL is not needed, but the input impedance of a following stage is represented by RL. The resistor RL or the input resistance of a following stage needs to be much larger than R4 in order for approximately VCC to be present at the output node when the output is high.

Likewise, R3 needs to be much larger than R4 so that the output voltage does not get pulled too low by R3 when the output is high. Calculate the value of R2, where R2 is calculated using the following equation. The term R1 R3 means the parallel combination of resistors R1 and R3.

The problem in the next section applies this process to design a circuit that implements an inverting comparator with hysteresis. The thermostat input is the voltage from a temperature sensor. The output of the comparator shall be high 5 V to turn the heater on and low 0 V to turn the heater off. The comparator output also needs to transition from high to low when its input voltage VIN from the temperature sensor rises above 3.

On a plot, this characteristic looks like this: Next, apply the design steps for an inverting comparator with hysteresis to determine the resistor values for the schematic template provided in the introduction. Step 1: Assume reasonable values for the pull-up resistor R4 , the positive feedback resistor R3 , and the load resistor RL.