Matched betting wikipedia

Spreads in sports wagering U. McNeil , a mathematics teacher from Connecticut who became a bookmaker in Chicago in the s. An example: The bookmaker advertises a spread of 4 points in a certain game; If the gamblers bet on the " underdog ", they are said to take the points and will win if the underdog's score plus the spread is greater than the favorite 's score. In the event of a push, the game is considered no action, and no money is won or lost.

However, this is not a desirable outcome for the sports book, as they are forced to refund every bet, and although both the book and its bettors will be even, if the cost of overhead is taken into account, the book has actually lost money by taking bets on the event. Sports books are generally permitted to state "ties win" or "ties lose" to avoid the necessity of refunding every bet. Betting on sporting events has long been the most popular form of spread betting.

Whilst most bets the casino offers to players have a built in house edge, betting on the spread offers an opportunity for the astute gambler. When a casino accepts a spread bet, it gives the player the odds of 10 to 11, or That means that for every 11 dollars the player wagers, the player will win 10, slightly lower than an even money bet. If team A is playing team B, the casino is not concerned with who wins the game; they are only concerned with taking an equal amount of money of both sides.

This is the house edge. The goal of the casino is to set a line that encourages an equal amount of action on both sides, thereby guaranteeing a profit. This also explains how money can be made by the astute gambler. If casinos set lines to encourage an equal amount of money on both sides, it sets them based on the public perception of the team, not necessarily the real strength of the teams.

Many things can affect public perception, which moves the line away from what the real line should be. This gap between the Vegas line, the real line, and differences between other sports books betting lines and spreads is where value can be found. A teaser is a bet that alters the spread in the gambler's favor by a predetermined margin — in American football the teaser margin is often six points. For example, if the line is 3. In return for the additional points, the payout if the gambler wins is less than even money , or the gambler must wager on more than one event and both events must win.

In this way it is very similar to a parlay. At some establishments, the "reverse teaser" also exists, which alters the spread against the gambler, who gets paid at more than evens if the bet wins. Sports spread betting[ edit ] In the United Kingdom , sports spread betting became popular in the late s by offering an alternative form of sports wagering to traditional fixed odds , or fixed-risk, betting.

With fixed odds betting , a gambler places a fixed-risk stake on stated fractional or decimal odds on the outcome of a sporting event that would give a known return for that outcome occurring or a known loss if that outcome doesn't occur the initial stake.

The spread on offer will refer to the betting firm's prediction on the range of a final outcome for a particular occurrence in a sports event, e. The more right the gambler is then the more they will win, but the more wrong they are then the more they can lose. The level of the gambler's profit or loss will be determined by the stake size selected for the bet, multiplied by the number of unit points above or below the gambler's bet level.

This reflects the fundamental difference between sports spread betting and fixed odds sports betting in that both the level of winnings and level of losses are not fixed and can end up being many multiples of the original stake size selected. For example, in a cricket match a sports spread betting firm may list the spread of a team's predicted runs at — If the gambler elects to buy at and the team scores runs in total, the gambler will have won 50 unit points multiplied by their initial stake.

But if the team only scores runs then the gambler will have lost 50 unit points multiplied by their initial stake. It is important to note the difference between spreads in sports wagering in the U. In the U. In the UK betting above or below the spread does not have a known final profit or loss, with these figures determined by the number of unit points the level of the final outcome ends up being either above or below the spread, multiplied by the stake chosen by the gambler.

For UK spread betting firms, any final outcome that finishes in the middle of the spread will result in profits from both sides of the book as both buyers and sellers will have ended up making unit point losses. So in the example above, if the cricket team ended up scoring runs both buyers at and sellers at would have ended up with losses of five unit points multiplied by their stake. This is a bet on the total number of points scored by both teams.

Suppose team A is playing team B and the total is set at If the final score is team A 24, team B 17, the total is 41 and bettors who took the under will win. If the final score is team A 30, team B 31, the total is 61 and bettors who took the over will win. The total is popular because it allows gamblers to bet on their overall perception of the game e.

Example: In a football match the bookmaker believes that 12 or 13 corners will occur, thus the spread is set at 12— A "sell" transaction is similar except that it is made against the bottom value of the spread. Often "live pricing" changes the spread during the course of an event, increasing a profit or minimizing a loss.

In North American sports betting many of these wagers would be classified as over-under or, more commonly today, total bets rather than spread bets. However, these are for one side or another of a total only, and do not increase the amount won or lost as the actual moves away from the bookmaker's prediction. Many Nevada sports books allow these bets in parlays , just like team point spread bets.

This makes it possible to bet, for instance, team A and the over, and be paid if both team A "covers" the point spread wins by that amount or more and the total score is higher than the book's prediction. Such parlays usually pay off at odds of with no commission charge, just as a standard two-team parlay would.

Mathematics[ edit ] The mathematical analysis of spreads and spread betting is a large and growing subject. The liability is the amount one can lose in the worst-case scenario. The bookmaker offering this bet to the player will choose this option. Both sides will agree on the sponsor's bet and odds. If the team wins, the layer will pay the sponsor the winnings according to the agreed odds. Since every bet you make requires a patron and a layer, and the exchange of bets is not a participant in the bets made on it, any exchange of bets requires both patrons and layers.

In-play betting[ edit ] Exchanges allow bets to be made in-running or in-play i. This feature is generally restricted to the most popular events for which widespread, live television coverage is available. Whereas non-in-play bets are entered into the system immediately after being placed by the customer, when betting in-play a time delay might be instituted so as to make it somewhat more difficult for unscrupulous customers to accept offers for bets that for whatever reason have suddenly become highly favorable.

Markets may also be actively managed by the operator. In this case, betting will be briefly halted after each occurrence likely to cause a substantial change in the odds for example, in association football matches goals , penalty kicks and sendings off would warrant such suspensions , so that unmatched bets can be cancelled. Traders and arbitrageurs[ edit ] Arbitrageurs colloquially "arbers" attempt to simultaneously bet on all possible outcomes to make a guaranteed profit.

A trader operates similarly to an arbitrageur but is willing to take on extra risk and bet on events where no immediate profit is possible. A trader hopes to make a profit by closing out the bet at a later stage at more favorable odds. Closing out a bet for profit involves collecting more money by laying than is paid out when the outcome is backed back. If the event does not occur then no money is lost, alternatively if a trader is able to lay a higher stake at shorter odds than his back stake then he can theoretically guarantee the same amount of profit regardless of the outcome.

On the other hand, if the odds move against the trader he might elect to close out the bet so as to minimise his loss. Trading can be done either before the start of an event or while the event is in progress if in-play betting is offered. Compared to trading before the event commences, trading in-play usually involves both greater risk and also the potential to make more money.

Traders can make money by betting exclusively with betting exchanges or bookmakers, or by combining the two. The trader could lay at a low amount on a betting exchange and then back at a higher price with a bookie or another exchange. This must be done simultaneously to guarantee a profit or else the opportunity could quickly cease to exist with liquid markets quickly correcting prices and bookies trying to avoid being arbitraged.

Most exchanges post the book percentages colloquially known as the overround or "vig" prominently for each market. This ensures that simultaneously backing or laying all selections in a market will not normally guarantee a profit. Occasionally though especially in circumstances where odds are prone to change rapidly exceptions will arise where offers to back or lay all selections will be made that if simultaneously and cumulatively accepted at exactly the right stakes would permit an arbitrageur to guarantee a profit.

However, such phenomena tend to correct themselves very quickly and exchanges generally try to dissuade customers from attempting to take advantage of such circumstances.

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